May 11, 2024

Malaprabha at Pattadakal

During the last week of September 2023, Sridhar mentioned his plan of visiting Dharwad, a two-day visit. Over a couple of more phone calls, it became a 5-day visit with a tour of Chalukyan realm in between. I was glad that Sridhar extended his trip, he had not seen any of the Chalukyan monuments and I was happy that he would be seeing them with me.

Oct 5, 2023. We left Dharwad early morning morning, reached Badami by 8-30, had breakfast at a Udupi restaurant and we started the tour of rock-cut caves around 9 AM. After the caves, we headed to the north hill and visited all the monuments- lower Shivalaya, kings' meeting place, Upper Shivalaya, the granaries and a massive turret & fortifications. Then back at the base of the rock formation, we saw the artifacts collection in the museum. Having done with Badami, we headed towards Shivayogi Mandira where we had lunch- Anna Prasada. It was a satisfying meal of uppit and anna-saru. We got a chance to see the Vibhuti making unit within the campus. Then we rested for a while and headed towards Mahakoota. We parked and cooled off with a refreshing nimbu-soda. As we entered the temple complex, I was shocked to see the metal grills around the pond, it was eyesore but it was needed to keep out unruly crowds. Sridhar was very happy here since he could touch many of the Shivalinga idols. We spent almost an hour seeing the temples in detail. We left Mahakoota around 3-30 pm, headed towards Pattadakal which would be the last place for the day.

As we entered Pattadakal temple complex, we covered the first half, and as we came to the middle of the complex, I got an idea- take a break from the temples and see Malaprabha. Pattadakal is situated on the left bank of river Malaprabha. The river flows in the general direction of west but here it takes a ninety degree turn, flows northward for a short distance and then turns west again. In Hindu traditions, the place where a river flows northwards is considered holy. Based on this belief, such places usually have temples and remains a place of significance. It is said that Chalukyan princes' Patthabhishekha (coronation ceremony) took place at this place hence the name Pattadakal.

During one of the earlier visits here, I had come to see the river however I can't recall much. On the eastern side of the temple complex is a gateway which leads to the river, barely a hundred meters away. Treading on wet cool sand on a warm day is so relaxing! Then stepping into the gracefully flowing clear water took me to another level.. felt rejuvenating. We waded across ankle deep water, crossed the stream and stepped on to a tiny island. That's Sridhar with his Nikon. A group of kids were within talking distance and a group of ladies were washing upstream.

Waters flowing into the northerly direction. That's the bridge across Malaprabha connecting Pattadakal and Aihole. Water was shallow where I stood. However, beyond the rocks, most of the water flowed on the left side of the bed, water was deep there. After a less than normal rainfall, Malaprabha's water level is low. In the past I've seen this stream flowing bank to bank. In fact, in 2010 a heavy rainfall caused to heavy flooding. Pattadakal village and temple complex were in 8 to 9 feet water. Most places on Malaprabha banks were flooded including Shivayogi Mandir and a few temple complexes at Aihole.

Looking in the southerly direction. If we go along the river we'll pass by Bachingudda, one of the historical places and then reach Shivayogi Mandira.

Insect tracks in the riverbed. I have no clue as to what insect created it beautiful maze. Possibly it could be more than two of the same type of insect.

While we moved around in the water and chatted with the kids, a group of boys had crossed over from the opposite bank. One of the boys approached me with this sword asking for a picture.

That encouraged the other boys to join that boy for a group shot. After taking a few shots, I asked the eldest of them to take the sword and middle position. This bodybuilder may not be the sword owner but he seems to be the group leader. The guy with saffron stole must be his righthand man. The group left after exchanging mobile numbers with me to share the pictures.

Meanwhile the kids kept away from the gang. Looks like the kids were scared of the boys. Local politics in play. The eldest of the kids was trying to make something out of sand, or was he trying to catch fish. I'm not sure.

These three must be really thick friends. One of them had left his slippers on the island and playing a distance away. One of the other kids smiled at each other, unspoken mischief in play. The kid gave a light push and one of the slippers started floating away. The slipper owner had to chase his slipper to retrieve it. We had a good laugh as the slipper owner hurled abuses.

This is the gateway which connects the temple group and Malaprabha. To my knowledge, this is probably the largest gateway in Chalukyan monuments. There's an inscription on one of the blocks in one of the pillars. This gateway is proportional to the temples of this complex.

Right next to the gateway is this badly eroded idol of Nandi and the Ficus with long curvy arms.

View of the gateway from inside the complex. It was meant to be a grand structure, a befitting accompaniment to the grand temples here.

We spent another hour seeing the temples, marvelous sculptures on their exteriors and interiors as well. For some reason I've never been able to photograph these temples satisfactorily. During my previous visits, I faced one or the other issue.. once my camera battery ran out, on another occasion dark clouds formed and it rained. I have to plan another visit and make sure to be present here early morning, would like to shoot these temples in morning light since all these temples are east-facing.

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May 4, 2024

Krishnae Ficus Bonsai at Shukhavana

2023 May. I was pleasantly introduced to Bonsai version of Baobab through my friend Pramod Potdar. The miniature Baobab Bonsai was seen at Shukavana, a garden of approximately 2500 bonsai plants. This bonsai garden is a part of Sri Ganapathy Sachchidananda Ashrama, Mysuru. Pramod had shared pictures of three Baobabs which can be seen at Baobab Bonsai of Shukavana.

2024 February. I was on a 2-day visit of Mysore to see my school / college friends and also visit Shukavana to see the Baobabs. I was put up at my primary school friend Venugopal's home. I have to mention that Venu's house is situated in a peaceful locality situated centrally, and he's a wonderful host. We went to the ashram on Wednesday morning only to find out that it was the Shukavana's weekly holiday, same for the museum and bird zoo there. So we made another visit Thursday morning. The three places- bonsai garden, bid zoo & museum -are open to public from 10-30 am to 12-30 pm and 3-30 pm to 5-30 pm.

On entering the garden, I was stunned seeing the superbly maintained miniatures of almost every variety of tree an adult might have seen. However my eyes were looking for the miniaturized giants, the Baobabs. When the first one was spotted, I showed it excitedly to Venu. A few minutes later another, followed by another. Then on Venu started spotting Baobabs as well. We spotted nine or ten miniature Baobabs in those 45 minutes we spent here. As we approached the end of the tour I wondered if this collection had a Krishna Ficus. That moment was as though my subconscious mind had sensed its presence. Yes, a Krishna Ficus was spotted - this discovery made my morning!

Almost every plant here is labelled. The Krishna Ficus label read as below:

Dec 17
Ficus benghalensis var. Krishnae
Krishna Fig/Krishna's butter cup माखन कटोरी / कृष्णवड
Rāga : Candrajyōti, चंद्रज्योति
Origin: Indian subcontinent, Indo china
1990 - Root exposed style

I have no idea what Dec 17 signifies. 1990 must be the year this plant was born. Going by that, this little Krishna Ficus is 33 years old.

This is Venugopal with Krishna Ficus. He was fascinated seeing it's cup-shaped leaves. I mentioned the story of Sri Krishna eating butter from cups made of Ficus leaves which eventually retained the cup-shape. Also mentioned about the three fully grown Krishna Ficus at Lalbagh, Bengaluru, he must visit the garden to see those beautiful trees.

For those who are unfamiliar with Krishna Ficus, please take a look at a normal Krishna Ficus and its cup-shape leaf.


Both Baobab and Krishna Ficus are rare plants. The former is native of Africa, saplings were brought by traveling traders in the medieval times. The latter, though a native of the Indian subcontinent are few in number. To my knowledge, there are just five places to see the legendary Krishna Ficus:

  1. Botanical Garden at Karnataka University, Dharwad
  2. Lalbagh Botanical Garden, Bengaluru
  3. Deva Deva Vana, Karnataka Forest Dept garden near Bidar
  4. Discovery Village, a resort situated near Kanakapura
  5. Prakruti Vihara Vana, Karnataka Forest Dept garden at Mari Kanive near Hiriyur

Do see this amazing tree whenever you are nearby any of these places.

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Apr 27, 2024

Baobab tree of Korlai

Little more than a month after discovering Baobab trees of Vasai, Vijay Menon discovered the Baobab near Korlai fort. The Baobab is situated next to Revdanda-Murud road. Not sure if this the only Baobab here or if it's more than one.

Thanks to Vijay for noticing this living heritage and for sharing its photo.

Here's the list of Baobab trees compiled over a few years of research:

  1. Hilltop Nightclub, Vagator, Goa
  2. Cabo Raj Bhavan, Dona Paula, Goa
  3. Quepem, Goa
  4. Bamboo Motels, Goa
  5. next to Yogapur mosque, Bijapur
  6. Mahalakshmi Gudi premises, Martur, Kalburgi district
  7. Dodda Hunashe Matha, Savanur, Karnataka
  8. Near the aquarium in Lalbagh Botanical Garden, Bengaluru
  9. Two Baobab trees at Sri Ramakrishna Vidyashaala, Yadavagiri, Mysuru
  10. Purana Qilla, Golconda Fort, Hyderabad, Telangana
  11. Attapur, Hyderabad
  12. Vansthalipuram, Hyderabad, Telangana
  13. near Chappel Road, Hyderabad, Telangana
  14. Ranganath temple at Nanakramguda, Hyderabad, Telangana
  15. Shivalaya on Balachandruni Guttalu, Nalagonda, Telangana
  16. Uppal in Chengicherla Reserve Forests, Hyderabad, Telangana
  17. Nellore, Andhrapradesh
  18. Theosophist Society Gardens, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
  19. The American College campus, Madurai, TN
  20. Chinmaya Vidyalaya's campus at Ilanthope, Rajapalayam, TN
  21. Mangaliawas near Ajmer, Rajasthan
  22. Vadodara, Gujarat
  23. Dayapur, Gujarat
  24. Kutch, Gujarat
  25. Bhanagar, Gujarat
  26. Baroda, Gujarat
  27. Victoria Garden, Sukharamnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat
  28. Mulund, Mumbai, Maharashtra
  29. Byculla zoo, Mumbai, Maharashtra
  30. Close to an entrance of Vasai fort, Maharashtra
  31. Tilak road and Ghokale road, Pune, Maharastra
  32. near Aurangabad, Maharashtra
  33. Nana Fadnavis Wada premises, Menawali, Maharashtra
  34. Mandavgad or Mandu, Madhya Pradesh
  35. near Sangam, left bank of the Ganga, Prayag, Uttar Pradesh 
  36. Sanjay Gandhi Biological Park, Bihar

Hoping to discover more.

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Apr 20, 2024

Anantashayana and Koshtharaya rock-cut shrine, Badami

At the southeastern end of Bhootnath group is a cave shrine in which have rock-cut relief sculptures, the prominent one being of  Vishnu. Hence this is shrine called Vishnu Gudi. Just above the steps, the small opening between the floor and boulder is the temple entrance. One has to crouch to enter it.

Once inside, adults cannot really remain erect because of the low ceiling. We had to remain bent or had to kneel down. This temple is a combination of rock-cut and structural. Only the side walls have been built hence this is more of a rock-cut shrine. On the center wall is Anantashayana i.e. Vishnu reclining on the seven headed serpent Adishesha.  Vishnu is attended by Sridevi, Bhoodevi and Gaurda. Vishnu's symbols Shankha & Chakra are clearly seen. 

A closer look at Anantashayana. On the arch above are miniature images of Dashavatara i.e. the ten incarnations of Vishnu- Matsya, Kurma, Varaha, Narasimha, Vamana, Parashurama, Rama, Krishna, Buddha and Kalki.

Ananatashayana Bhoodevi Sridevi Garuda

The side walls are also decorated with relief sculptures. On the left are the Trimurti- Vishnu, Maheshwara & Brahma. On the space below Trimurti are incomplete images of Basavanna and unknown characters. Over the Trimurti is a grand looking Shikhara & Kalasha.

On the right is an interesting image of a seemingly royal couple seated in half-lotus posture. With the couple is a cow & nursing calf. Next to the cow is a plant.. coconut sapling? Then there are two other plants which seem like stalks of food grains. Is this possibly a scene of Sankranti being celebrated. There's another plant behind the cow which seems like a Peepul tree. Would be nice to an expert historians opinion.

Also in this cave shrine was a niche with a circular embossing. Since there's no deity in it, this seems like a nest to place an oil lamp.

A short distance from Vishnu Gudi is another rock shelter called Koshthraya's Cave. On the rear wall is an image of a man seated in half-lotus posture on a lion-throne under a peepul tree. There's a halo around his head. Apparently there are Shankha & Chakra, symbols of Vishnu. Then there is an imaginary creature to the man's left which is usually seen in Jaina images. For example- similar creature can be seen at the rock-cut Jaina Basadi at Aihole. Also there are two attendants both holding fans. He has a sacred thread around his torso. I'm not clear whose image this is.

One of the side walls has this image of a well built man sporting long hair and a well shaped beard.  He's seated in half-lotus position. There's a symbol on his forehead but it isn't clear. Next to him is a staff. Again no idea who this man depicts.

There are several rock shelter shrines on the slopes of Hiregudda, the sandstone hill of Badami. While on this topic I must mention Arali Honda or Aralikatte rock-cut shrine a the edge of the sandstone formation. It's not visible from here. To access it one has to reach the plateau and walk along the edge overlooking Agastyatirtha.

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Apr 13, 2024

Rock-cut shrines near Bhootnath temple complex

Right besides Bhootnath temple complex is this huge sandstone boulder on which relief sculptures are present.

On the northern face are four Shivalinga, two of the Shivalinga have their own Nandi.

Closer look at the sculptures. Shivalingas are housed in Garbhagudi, complete with Shikhara.

Another view of the northern face. On the extreme left is an image of four-armed standing Vishnu.

As we go around the rock formation, a natural shelter is seen. The rock faces under the overhang are filled with sculptures of Hindu gods.

There are two rows; the lower row consists of ten male characters in seated position, mostly in meditative position. Most of the images have been damaged, seemingly an intentional act of vandalism. The upper row, left to right, has Boovaraha, Ganapati, Brahma, Maheshwara, Vishnu, Mahishamarshini and Ugranarasimha. To the extreme right is a Shivalinga inside a Garbhagudi. Each of the characters have an arch, probably incomplete arches. Just above the arches are inscriptions of signatures in Kannada. I guess those are sculptors' banes. Over the inscriptions are seven square holes, five small and two large. It's my guess those are meant for placing oil lamps.

On the other face under the overhang are three images; one complete and two incomplete. On the left is Shivalinga inside Garbhagudi; in the middle is standing Vishnu with incomplete housing; and to the right is an image in very early stages. For some reason work was abandoned. On the lower part of the face is a small Shivalinga. Further lower and to the left is a square outline. Looks like that's another incomplete Shivalinga.

As we go around the boulder to the opposite side. a small structural temple is present. The temple has been built in a very tight space. From here it looks as though a cube has been pushed into the boulder.

On the left of the footpath is a boulder with natural slits. The lower slit which is open to sky catches rainwater. The ancient sculptors made a narrow groove to funnel out water. The boulder isn't large enough to hold water to sustain a flow lasting more than an hour. Maybe it lasted more than what I ca imagine.

Caretakers have maintained a neat lawn and flowering plants here. The pink Oleanders and green leaves enhance the place's charm.

Another look at the squeezed in temple. The more I look at this temple, the more I admire the clever idea.

This seems to be another incomplete rock-cut shrine. Not sure is this was meant to be a rock-cut shrine or a combination of rock-cut and structural temple.

View of the spot from an elevated spot.

This is my friend Srini from Hyderabad. Srinu and I were on a two-day tour of Badami, Pattadakal and Aihole. Our tour had started from the four cave temples. Then we drove around to the North fort side. We had done quite a bit of walking under the blazing sunlight. We took a short break while it was partly cloudy. This waterbody is home to water fowls and other water birds.

At a distance was a flock of cormorants resting on rocks amidst the waters. Cormorants are good fliers and swimmers. With their webbed feet, they swim well on the surface and even underwater. The way they take from water is a sight to behold.

Turning back the sandstone formations, I noticed a unique feature here. On the surface were irregular lines which looked like dried sticky matter.

On the lower part of this picture, there are bands of lighter shades. Amazing how this texture came into being. Sandstone, a sedimentary rock, is formed when grains of quartz or feldspar are held together under pressure for millions of years. During the process other minerals too get trapped and remain embedded in sandstones.

A closer look at the dripping and sliding lines. Is it possible that some matter were squeezed out under pressure, like concrete escaping through gaps of centering plates.

Lastly, at the end of Bhootnath group enclosure is a rock-cut cave shrine known as Vishnu Gudi. Inside that cave temple are several images, the chief image being that of Anantashayana. We'll see Vishnu Gudi in detail in the following post.

In the above picture, on the left hand side are two incomplete images. Once is Ganapati for sure. The other image could be meant to be Vishnu. Having written this post, I feel I must visit Bhootnath group again and catch up with missed out sculptures.

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Apr 6, 2024

Bhootnath temple complex, Badami

Situated at one corner of Badami, Bhootnath group receives the least number of visitors. Of the tourists coming here, most are city folks or foreigners since the place is mostly free from hordes, most times it has a peaceful ambiance. The best part is the charm of the waterbody - Agastyatirtha. Then there are young couples looking for privacy find this place convenient. 

This group consists of 8 temples including the small ones. The largest structure of the group is Bhootnath Gudi and other would be dedicated to other deities. Then there are a dozen or so relief sculptures on the huge boulder a stone's throw away. On the boulder are two small structures as well. I'm not sure if those rock-cut shrines and smaller temples are part of Bhootnath group. Totally there are 12 structural temples and more than a dozen rock-cut shrines.

I've visited this group three or four times, the memorable ones being in Sept 2012 and Aug 2023. During my earlier visit there were information boards which describe this monument as below.

ಭೂತನಾಥ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ
ಶ್ರೀ ಪೈಗರ ಶ್ರೀಧರ ಭೂತೇಶ್ವರ' ಎಂದು ಎಂಟನೆಯ ಶತಮಾನದ ಶಾಸನದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಿತವಾದ ಭೂತನಾಥ ದೇವಾಲಯವು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿರುವ ಈ ದೇವಾಲಯಗಳ ಸಂಕೀರಣದಲ್ಲಿನ ಈ ದೇವಾಲಯ ಹಲವು ಬಾರಿ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ದಾರಗೊಂಡಿದೆ. ಇದರ ಮುಂದಣ ಒಂದು ಶಾಸನದಲ್ಲಿ "ಕರಿಯಮ್ಮ ಸ್ಥಾನದ ದೀವಿಗೆ" ಎಂದಿದೆ. ಈ ಸಂಕಿರಣದ ಈಶಾನ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಒಂದು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕೂಟರ ಕಾಲದ ಮಂದಿರವಿದ್ದು ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ ಲಕುಳೀಶನ 7 ಇಲ್ಲವೇ 8ನೆಯ ಶತಮಾನದ ಪೂಜಾ ಮೂರ್ತಿಯಿದೆ. ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಕಲ್ಯಾಣ ಚಾಳುಕ್ಯರ ಕಾಲದ ಹಲವು ಗುಡಿಗಳಿದೆ.

The Bhutanatha Group
This group has the main temple called 'Sri Paigara Shridhara Bhuteshwara' in a record of the eighth century. The temple has undergone repairs many times, and is a simple structure. An inscription in front speaks of "Kariyamma Sthanada Divige." There is a Rashtrakuta temple to its north-east with Lakulisha image within and the image is assigned to the 7th or 8th Century. There are many shrines of Kalyana Chalukya times around this.

The temples in this group are either west-facing or south-facing except one north-facing temple. The temple seen here in the background is the second largest here. In the background is the boulder with two temples on its top.

A closer look at the boulder-top temples. The only access to these temples has been blocked out of concern for tourist safety, maybe there are other reasons. Ancient builders imagination and ability to build at unusual location is simply amazing.

Turning our attention to the main cluster. The temples ate packed together leaving ample space around the cluster. As you see, this group of temples have access to the waters of  Agstyatirtha. This waterbody is fed by the streams flowing down the sandstone hill. 

When there's a good rainfall, a waterfall appears on the cliff. It's a sight to behold. This is the entrance to Bhootnath group. On the left is a special pillar, unsure of its purpose.

The first temple as we enter the cluster. This could be the Rastrukuta temple with an image of Lakulisha. Lakulisha is said to be the 28th and the avatar of Shiva. He is depicted with a lakut (mace) hence the name. Lakulisha is considered as the founder of the Pashupata sect and propounder of Yoga system.

A smaller temple with a sloping canopy.

Rear view of the group. The well preserved Shikhara of Bhootnath temple seems to be a Vimananagari type. Shikhara of smaller temples are stepped pyramids. I feel these are experimental models like the temples of Galaganatha group at Aihole.

Rear diagonal view of Bhootnath Gudi. It's a beautiful structure with a wide pillared hall with two side entrances i.e. northern and southern sides.

At the southern entrance is a pillar similar to the one seen at the group entrance (fourth picture). At the first glance they look similar but with a small difference in the orientation of drilled holes . The pillar here seems to be a torch holder.

The side entrances are right next to the Antarala walls (vestibule). On the right hand side is a damaged sculpture. The reminder of the image is intriguing... what could that have been? Going by the looks of the interior, it seems this temple has been modified at least once. May be this hall was extended to accommodate more people.

Right opposite the Garbhagudi (sanctum) sits Nandi, and behind Nandi is a chamber which seems like a secondary sanctum. If it is another sanctum, we could call this temple a Dwikutachala.

A view of the packed space between the structures.

There goes Srinu my friend from Hyderabad. We were on a tour of the Chalukyan realm- Badami, Pattadakal and Aihole, Srinu's first visit here.

These small structures can be seen even at Pattadakal temple complex. In fact there are even smaller ones, 2" cubical temples. I feel these little structures were assignments or projects for apprentice sculptors.

Ancient builders planning was so careful, every little detail was looked into. Ancient temple sites rarely disrupted natural flow of rainwater around them. Same applies to Bhootnath group. The rainwater flows downhill forming a stream which joins Agstyatirtha right next to the group. On the left side of the picture is a small bridge, that's where the water flows in from. I really must visit here during a rainy season... wishing, hoping & praying for good rains this season.

Done with Bhootanath group of structural temples we move ahead to see the rock-cut shrines.

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