a trip with brother, Hampi-2

...continued from a trip with brother, Hampi-1.

Our tour of Hampae started at Chakrathirta the place where the east-flowing Tungabhadra takes a sharp turn towards north. In the Hindu traditions such a place is considered holy and one can find at least one temple. At Chakrathirta, there are countless shrines, mostly on the right bank. I had seen amazing pictures and eager to see them for real. This trip was the second in two months. First was with my friend Sridhar in Dec 2024, and today I was here with Deepak my brother. Sridhar and I had reached some of the spots and seen some thro lens only. This time I wanted to reach the missing ones. We spent almost an hour exploring & discovering the open and structural shrines hidden amongst the boulders. If one looks carefully one can find so sculptures of Shiva Linga, Avatars of Vishnu and Devis. Many of them meant to be open, some were intended to be structural temples but they were never completed. I felt this kind of adventure can be experienced only at Hampae.

It was time to move on. We still had to see couple of mantapas situated away from the waters. From where we stood, we could see two. One on the left and..

..another on the right. There's a ruined temple as well. See the steps carved into the boulders. That would be convenient to climb in slightly wet conditions. Further to the right on this rock hill is a series of panels depicting Dasahavatara, the ten avatars of Vishnu.

We took the steps and reached the ruined temple & mantapa. These outlying monuments are seldom visited and hence peaceful most times. This was a good spot to rest and refresh. We had carried apples, pears, fritters and water. We attacked the fruits and energized ourselves. Deepak launched his DJI Mini 2 and took a few ariel shots while I put my 12YO Canon 600D to work. Next to the ruined temple is a sculpture of Narasimha (see inset). The sculpture is in the open embossed into the rock.

In this picture, only a patch of the river is seen. In the foreground there's an open to air sculpture of Anatashayana, the form of Vishnu reclining on Adisesa the cosmic serpent symbolizing eternity. Looking at the umber of semifinished blocks lying about indicates that there was a plan of erecting a structure here. However the project was abandoned, probably when Vijayanagara collapsed.

A closer look at Anantashayana. Vishnu is in company with his consorts Lakshmi, Bhudevi, and Niladevi ...I presume. Notice that one of the consorts is emanating from Vishnu's navel. On either sides of Vishnu is Hanuman and Garuda. The sculptor's signature is engraved next to Garuda.

On the left bank is another incomplete project. One has to admire the engineers who erected that structures on such an uneven surface. It seems like a temple or maybe it was just a mantapa. Opposite the pillared structure is another platform. Panning to the right, there are slabs placed horizontally which are meant to be steps, a path for people to reach the mantapa conveniently. Over the steps are broken boulders.. builders had sourced raw material for their project from this hill itself.

Further on the left bank are the ruins of Sri Chandramouleshwara Devastana and also the ruins of the ancient bridge. When the river water level is high, it may not be able to cross the river. However one can reach the temple from Anegundi side. Perhaps in the dry months i.e. Jan onwards, it should be possible to make a way through the rocks in the riverbed. Moving further with the river one will see Purandaradasa Mantapa, Talarighatta and eventually reach Anegundi.

Lying amongst the rocks was this weathered wooden piece resembling a bicycle handle. I was tempted to pick it up and bring it home but then dropped the idea.

Deepak ended his flight session and I packed up my DSLR for the moment. It was time to move on again. We descended and made our way to the other mantapa which is slightly bigger than the earlier one. Being at a lower elevation, this was visited often by people. We didn't spend much time here and continued our trek.. next on my mind was the twin rock-shelters with a wide open space between them.

We had to trek around the base of the hill, reached the caves. The caves are aligned in such a way that one of them faces east and the other west, like two houses on a street. This is the east-facing cave. If you step out and turn right, you'll be looking in the direction of Kodandarama Devastana.

That's me standing close to the mouth. On the flat-face of that prism-shaped rock is an ancient artwork - the signature of prehistoric people. This cave is quite spacious with an 'inner chamber'. Surely this cave was inhabited for a long time hence the presence of artwork.

Here's the painting. I'm clueless as to what the figures depict. There are a couple of figures out of frame. On the right hand side there's one figure which seems like fish. On the left hand side is a geometric figure made of a triangle, a line and arc. Absolutely no idea what this collage represents.

After checking out the cave and painting, we went across to the west-facing cave. This much smaller than the other cave but the floor was free of dirt and breezy too. This was a good spot to rest. While we sat there Deepak captured a Purple sunbird and a Peninsular rock agma with the fixed lens Nikon P900. In the background the east-facing cave can be seen. Hunger prompted me to attacked the 'kadlebele vadae' which I got from the eatery at Kamalapur. It was good break from the blazing sunlight, we decided to move on.

We went eastwards towards the complex of temples and mantapa called Vyasaraja Matha. People going from Chakrathirta to Vittala Devastana have to pass by this complex. We didn't take this handsome looking steps, instead we climbed up the rock along the complex perimeter and went straight to the two-storied mantapa at the top.

We settled down again.. which was a good way to see the surroundings without tiring too much. Apparently this is one of the sentry points of the caretaker of monuments on this hill. We had a nice long chat. Presently there are a lot of caretakers at Hampi. Each has been assigned a monument or a group of monuments to watch over. In some cases the caretaker is responsible for maintaining tidiness. All caretakers are local folks employed by the archaeological department. I was happy to note this aspect.

Reluctantly we moved away from Vyasaraya Matha. Back into the sunlight, I raised the umbrella to prevent sunburn. We headed back towards Chakrathirta. On the way we stopped to check out Anantashayana idol (see inset) inside this simple looking structure called Vishnu Gudi. Check out the monolithic stone trough. This is a tiny one compared to the 12m long monolithic trough near Mahanavami Dibba.

At the beginning of Courtesans street is another temple called Vishnu Gudi. This one is a combination of natural rocks and structural temple. The sanctum are barren but the catch of this temple is the sculpture of Anantashayana on a rock which forms a wall (see inset).

Next we headed towards Yantrodharaka Hanuman Gudi. I wanted Deepak to see the unique deity which shows Hanuman trapped inside a hexagram. After a quick darshan we headed back to the parking lot. Our plan was to head back to our lodge at Kamalapur, have lunch, rest for a while and then go to Malyavanta Ragunatha Devastana. However, on the way we saw the open-air lunch place. I liked the look of the place.. having homemade food in the shade of Neem trees was appealing. Deepak too was for it. While Deepak parked his Brio I inquired the rate and checked out the items. Perfect lunch for tourists on the move.

We relished every bit of the meal. This was a new experience at Hampi.

Our plan for the second half of the day was to spend time at Malyavanta Raghunatha Devastana complex.

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a trip with brother, Hampi-1

...continued from a trip with brother, Bhadravati and Kumathi.

Even though we hit the sack around 11 PM, we rose early. By 7-45 we left our lodge Mayura Bhuvaneshwari. Plan for the day was to explore the ruins and shrines near Chakratirtha. During the last visit i.e. in Dec 2024 with my friend Sridhar, we failed to reach the two Sahasralinga in the maze of boulders. This time I wanted to accomplish it. I spotted an eatery at the main junction of Kamalapur, the place was already buzzing but we found a vacant table. It was self-service kind of place so I got the token and waited at the counter manned by two men. I noticed there were more take-away customers and most of them in a hurry and the counter was chaotic. One of the customers ended up assisting the eatery staff in fetching items from the kitchen. Yet he was smiling and asking for his order... anna, nann parcel kodi, maguna schoolige bidbeku. After eating I got some kadlebele vada packed to have later. Also we had apple, pear and water in our bags.

We drove straight to the inner parking area which is next to the historic pathway called Kampabhupa Marga. A board planted here describes the path as follows:

ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿಯಾದ ಹಂಪಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅರಸರು ಅವಶ್ಯಕತೆಗೆ ಅನುಗುಣವಾಗಿ ಹಲವು ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಮಾರ್ಗಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಅಂತಹ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಮಾರ್ಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂಪಭೂಪ ಮಾರ್ಗವು ಒಂದಾಗಿದ್ದು ಪ್ರಮುಖವಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾರ್ಗವನ್ನು ವೀರ ಹರಿಹರರಾಯನ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ. ೧೩೭೭-೧೪೦೪) ಪುತ್ರ ಕಂಪಭೂಪನ ಆದೇಶದ ಮೇರೆಗೆ ತುಂಗಭದ್ರಾ ನದಿಯ ದಡದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಶಾಲವಾದ ಕಲ್ಲಿನ ಮಾರ್ಗವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಲಾಯಿತೆಂದು ತಿಳಿದುಬರುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ ಮಾರ್ಗ ವಿರೂಪಾಕ್ಷ ಬಜಾರ್ ಬೀದಿಯನ್ನು ಚಕ್ರತೀರ್ಥದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅಲ್ಲಂದ ಮುಂದೆ ವಿಠಲಾಪುರದ ಎರಡು ಅಂತಸ್ತಿನ ದ್ವಾರಕ್ಕೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಕಲ್ಪಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ವಿರೂಪಾಕ್ಷ ಬಜಾರ್ ಬೀದಿಯ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭವಾಗುವ ಈ ಮಾರ್ಗವು ಬಂಡೆಗಳ ಗುಂಪಿನ ನಡುವೆ ಕಿರಿದಾದ ಹಾದಿಯ ಮೂಲಕ ಹಾದು ಹೋಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದನ್ನು 'ಒನಕೆ ಕಿಂಡಿ' ಅಥವಾ ಕಿಟಕಿ-ನೋಟ ಎಂದು ಸಹ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯರು ಕರೆಯುತ್ತಾರೆ. ಈ ಬಂಡೆಗಳು ಗುಹೆಯಂತಹ ದಾರಿಯನ್ನು ಕೈಗಳನ್ನು ಮಡಚಿ ನಿಂತಿರುವಂತಹ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಯ ಉಬ್ಬು ಶಿಲ್ಪವನ್ನು ಕೆತ್ತಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಇದು ಈ ಮಾರ್ಗವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದ ಕಂಪಭೂಪನದ್ದು ಎಂದೇ ಊಹಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಮಾರ್ಗವು ನದಿತೀರದಲ್ಲಿರುವುದರಿಂದ ನದಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನೀರು ಹೆಚ್ಚಾದಾಗ, ಇದು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ನೀರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಮುಳುಗಿ ತನ್ನ ಸಂಪರ್ಕವನ್ನು ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ.

In Hampi, the capital of the Vijayanagara empire, the rulers built many ancient paths. One of the most important of these ancient routes is the Kampabhupa Pathway. A broad stone pathway along the banks of the Turgabhadra is said to have been laid on the orders of Kampabhupa, the son of Vira Harihara Raya (1377 1404 CE). It connects the Virupaksha Bazaar Street to Chakratirtha and beyond, towards the double-storeyed gateway of Vittalapura. This pathway, starting at the eastern end of the Virupaksha bazaar passes through a narrow passage between a group of boulders, also called the 'Onake Kindi' (view through a window). A bas relief sculpture of a standing maid figure with folded hands in Anjali mudra is thought to be Kampabhupa, who ordered the construction of the pathway. When the water in the river rises this pathway is completely submerged.

This is a collage of pictures taken during two earlier trips. This natural rock formation is the 'Onake Kindi' mentioned in the previous paragraph. In the inset is my friend Sridhar posing with Kampabhupa's idol.

This is the time of the year when Tungabhadra's water level is low which is good for tourists. Here's a peaceful scene next to the ancient pathway. This is the point where the west flowing Tungabhadra takes a sharp turn towards north, flows northeast for a kilometer and half and then turns southeast. This spot is called Chakratirtha. In Hindu culture the spot where a river or stream turns north / south is considered holy. Hence one can find at least one shrine at such spots. Hampi being the capital of Vijayanagara Samrajya, one of the greatest empires of the medieval world, Chakratirtha is bound to be extraordinary.

At Chakrathirta Tungabhadra flows between two massive boulder-heap hills. The natural beauty of the rocks is breathtaking. One need not have any talents to take great pictures here, such is the beauty of the place. Here's the reflection of a partially submerged water carved rock. One can gaze at the rocks and let imagination take over.

Chakrathirta attracts tourists for not just the natural beauty and shrines but also for boat rides. There are regular row boats and motorized boats as well. Even though a coracle ride costs ₹500 upwards per person, people go for it.

We went past the ghat at Chakrathirta and Kodandarama Devastana and the headed towards the maze of rocks. Sahasralinga was to the right, but I was trying to find a way in this maze.

Last time, we gave up at one point where the going go tough. Instead we went found a spot high up in the rocks very close to Dashavatara sculpture. This time I just followed the ruined ancient pathway knowing it would lead to some shrine if not the Sahasralinga. Indeed the path lead to this structure concealed in a heap of rocks. On the left are two shrines.. idols carved on rocks left in their original positions. Wondering what kind of a mind created this amazing structure.

The first shrine. Based on the presence of Trishul & Damaru, I guess this female deity seen here is Parvati. No idea who the standing male idol represents.

The neighboring shrine is more spacious. The deity seen here seems to be Vishnu.

Or maybe its Harihara, the form which is part Shiva and part Vishnu.

The tunnel like passage opens up to this space littered with semifinished blocks of an incomplete structure. Notice the sculpture on the left side of the entrance. That seems to be sage Vyaghrapada a great devotee of Shiva.

The name Vyaghrapada is made of two words Vyaghra and Pada meaning tiger and feet. As per Hindu lore, this sage was granted legs of a tiger by Shiva to enable him to reach the most difficult places to gather flowers. 

Here's the deity of the shrine- Shiva accompanied by Nandi, Parvati and another figure which seems like Bhringi. This seems like a rare form of Shiva shown with a sword and bow, instead of Trishul & Damaru. Also Shiva is resting his hand on some curved object. Parvati's too is shown with sword and bow.

See how close the temple is to the water. In fact, this shrine along with the boulders here would be submerged during a good rainy season.

Imagine when mighty Tungabhadra has to flow in this narrow space between two boulder heap hills. Naturally water level would rise submerging the boulders, shrines and manatapas here. Here the water flows from left to right.

Looking to the left.. that's where the river turned northwards. The long manatapa seen at the end of water is Kodandarama Devastana ghat. In the background is Mathanga Betta.

Looking to the right.. Tungabhadra flows for about a kilometer and then turns southeast. In the background a hill can be seen. That's Anjanadri Betta, the birthplace of Hanuman. The hill is named after Hanuman's mother Anajanadevi. Discovering this group of hidden shrines was inspiring. Now, the focus has to be Sahasralinga. I asked the passing coracle guy about Sahasralinga. The guy without bothering to stop told me to climb the big rock. How's that for directions!

So, we traced back the way we came in and turned left. I noticed a group of four men climbing a two-step boulder. Out of hunch I asked them about Sahasralinga. Yes, join us. Deepak and I followed them. Once on top of the boulder, Sahasralinga came into view.

The first group of Linga. This group has around 850 Lingas in it. If not for the central square and rectangle there would be more than 900 Linga. At the bottom right corner is a symbolic etching of a prostrating couple. As to the significance of worshipping this many number of Linga could be to remain immersed in rituals for a long time.. mind control.

A few yards away is the second group. This one looks less crowded.

One of the guys from the group which led us here had been here earlier too. He was saying that there are a lot of Linga sculptures here. He was right, we could spot several.

Having spent over fifteen minutes admiring the Sahasralingas, we wanted to move on. There was no need to trace back our steps, instead we could go down towards the waters and walk along it. This is the way we climbed down. There's a sculpture hidden among one of the rocks here, a very unusual place for a shrine.

Of the three sculptures, one is incomplete and two seems to be complete, both are female deities. The one deity on the right has at least six pair of arms and three heads. I have no clue as to what Devi this image represents. As to the semifinished blocks lying here indicates ongoing work. For some reason the project was abandoned. Probably the great war which brought the fall of Vijayanagara was the reason. Imagine.. if the work had continued, what kind of structures we would be looking at today.

Here's another shrine dedicated to Shiva  & Parvati. The four armed Shiva is holding Trishula, Damaru, sword and Kamandala. I think Shiva's sword is called Chandrahasa. The sculptor has given Shiva thick long hair, perhaps the intention was to create matted hair.

Hampi is one place you get to see a competition between natural and manmade sculptures. Notice the lines created by varying water level.

Two Nandi sitting on the opposite side. I guess they are part of the two great Sahasralinga. It is said that Nandi's head is always turned. While it looks at Shivalinga with left eye, the right eye is looking at Parvati.

While I went back to the hidden shrine for the second time, Deepak rested on a rock next to the water. This is where I saw an otter pop it's head out and dive back immediately. I wish that beautiful creature had remained above water for a few seconds. Locally otter is called neernayi, literally meaning water dog. There are signs warning people to stay away from them since their bites can cause grievous injuries. 

On this long bad are several Shiva Linga. I guess Chakrathirta was a busy place during Vijayanagara times. Has to be going by the number of shrines and manatapas.

We decided to move on. Next we wanted to climb up to one of the mantapas. We wanted to take a break from sunlight and rest a while at the top. Will continue in the following post- a trip with brother, Hampi-2.

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